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12/12/2014 - Seminário/Palestra - Is Faecalibacterium prausnitzii one of the most promising next-generation probiotics for human health?
Data: 12/12/2014 -
Horário: 10:00 -
Local: sala 254, bloco F2 - ICB / UFMG
Apresentado(a) por: Dr. Philippe Langella (PhD, Research Director INRA - France)
Resumo
Diminished prevalence and abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii has been reported in intestinal disorders as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrom (IBS). F. prausnitzii is the first anti-inflammatory commensal bacterium identified on the basis of human clinical data and validated in acute high-dose TNBS colitis model. Here, we will describe the most recent advances of this F. prausnitzii story. First, we have designed a chronic IBD model by two cycles of high-dose DNBS-induced colitis. Interestingly, both F. prausnitzii and its supernatant had significant protective effects after colitis reactivation. Then, to decipher the mechanisms involved in these anti-inflammatory effects, F. prausnitzii monoxenic mice were obtained using both intragastric and intrarectal administrations of F. prausnitzii (but only in 19% of treated mice). Escherichia coli, also involved in IBD dysbiosis, was co-inoculated with F. prausnitzii as a companion strain. After an adaptation period, a stable F. prausnitzii population level slightly lower than E. coli was observed. E. coli/F. prausnitzii dixenic mice and E. coli monoxenic mice were challenged by TNBS to induce acute colitis. In E. coli/F. prausnitzii dixenic mice Disease Activity Index (DAI), histological scores, MPO activity and cytokinic responses were significantly decreased. The highest DAI decrease was obtained in mice with the highest F. prausnitzii implantation (>108 CFU/g of faeces). We will also describe one of the potential anti-inflammatory protein produced by F. prausnitzii.
All these results confirm the high potential of F. prausnitzii as a potential next-generation probiotic for both IBS and IBD patients.
Observações
Palestra ministrada em inglês.
20/11/2014 - Seminário / Palestra - Symbiont-triggered speciation: concepts, causes and consequences
Data: 20/11/2014 -
Horário: 15:00 -
Local: sala 162, bloco B2 - ICB / UFMG
Apresentado(a) por: Dr. Wolfgang J. Miller (Medical University of Vienna - Áustria)
Resumo
Current standard models of speciation disregard potential impacts of microbial reproductive tract symbionts fostering host speciation. Based on numerous theoretical models but limited experimental data, prime candidates driving symbiotic speciation in arthropods are intracellular bacteria belonging to the genus Wolbachia. They are inherited symbionts of many arthropods capable of manipulating host reproductive biology for their own benefits. However, it is an ongoing debate as to whether or not reproductive symbionts are capable of triggering host speciation in nature and if so, to what extent.
Hence we applied the classic model system of symbiotic speciation manifest in neotropical Drosophila paulistorum semispecies by means of present-day molecular approaches and artificial symbiont-depletion experiments. This superspecies, consisting of at least six reproductively isolated semispecies, has been the object of attention of an array of researchers since at least 1955, when it was initially trapped mid-evolution in flagrant statu nascendi. In this system it has been proposed that microbial endosymbionts foster incipient speciation.
We have recently demonstrated the ?-proteobacteria Wolbachia as the maternally transmitted core endosymbiont of D. paulistorum semispecies that presently foster symbiotic speciation by triggering pre- and postmating isolation mechanisms. Here we will report on (i) the impact of Wolbachia on driving artificial de novo reproductive isolation in D. paulistorum, (ii) their effects on host pheromone expression patterns and sexual behaviour, and (iii) unorthodox transmission modes of mitochondria in hybrids. Finally we will introduce a second symbiotic speciation system in statu nascendi, i.e., the Glossina morsitans species group of tsetse flies, where conspecific but incompatible Wolbachia infections trigger postmating isolation in nature.
Observações
Palestra ministrada em inglês.
20/10/2014 - Seminário / Palestra - Bactérias Ácido Láticas Geneticamente Modificadas na Prevenção da Doença Inflamatória do Cólon
Data: 20/10/2014 -
Horário: 14:00 -
Local: Bloco F2 - Sala 254 - ICB/UFMG
Apresentado(a) por: Dr. Jean Guy LeBlanc (CERELA-CONICET, Tucumán, Argentina)
Resumo
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) represent a heterogeneous group of microorganisms that are naturally present in
many foods and possess a wide range of therapeutic properties since they are able to prevent the development of
some diseases, such as shown using animal models for cancer, infections and gastrointestinal disorders such as
intestinal inflammation. Although probiotic effects are a strain dependent trait, using modern genetic engineering
techniques it is theoretically possible to obtain strains that can exert a variety of beneficial properties or provide them
with the capability to produce new compounds with health promoting effects.
LAB have been shown to regulate mucosal immune responses by modulating the production and liberation
of regulatory agents such as cytokines by the host. Some of these cytokines, such as the anti-inflammatory
interleukin-10 (IL-10), modulate the inflammatory immune response, thus immunomodulation is a mechanism by
which LAB can prevent certain inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). However, LAB cannot produce IL-10, reason for
which different strategies for the expression of IL-10 gene by LAB or the use of LAB as a vehicle of this gene for its
expression by eukaryotic cells have been developed. Using intestinal inflammation animal models of Crohn's
Disease, it has been shown that IL-10 producing LAB were able to lower damage scores in their large intestines (at
both macroscopic and microscopic levels), lower microbial translocation to liver, and increased anti-inflammatory /
pro-inflammatory cytokine ratios.
Oxidative stress also participates in the inflammatory processes and in the appearance of damages in
pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract of humans such as IBD due to an imbalance in reactive oxygen species
(ROS) concentrations and a decrease of antioxidant enzymatic activities in the intestines. LAB have been genetically
engineered to produce antioxidant enzymes (such as catalases and superoxide dismutases) and
Observações
Palestra ministrada em inglês.
26/09/2014 - Seminário - "Dynamic Genomic Selection and accuracy of imputation in crossbred beef cattle populations"
Data: 26/09/2014 -
Horário: 14:00h -
Local: Sala 236 Bloco I3 ICB/UFMG
Apresentado(a) por: Dr. Ricardo Vieira Ventura
Observações
Universidade de Guelph
19/09/2014 - simpósio - V ENGEMIG - Encontro de Genética de Minas Gerais
Data: 19/09/2014 -
Horário: --- -
Local: salão nobre do CAD1 - UFMG
Apresentado(a) por: pesquisadores de diversas áreas da Genética
Observações
O evento abrangerá as diferentes áreas da Genética e suas principais contribuições científicas, fortalecendo assim, a formação de pesquisadores mais jovens, e permitindo um intercâmbio de experiências das diversas áreas.
O encontro também visa divulgar os programas de pós graduação em Genética do Estado de Minas Gerais.
Inscrições e informações em:
http://pggenetica.icb.ufmg.br/vengemig/
18/09/2014 - simpósio - V ENGEMIG - Encontro de Genética de Minas Gerais
Data: 18/09/2014 -
Horário: --- -
Local: salão nobre do CAD1 - UFMG
Apresentado(a) por: pesquisadores de diversas áreas da Genética
Observações
O evento abrangerá as diferentes áreas da Genética e suas principais contribuições científicas, fortalecendo assim, a formação de pesquisadores mais jovens, e permitindo um intercâmbio de experiências das diversas áreas.
O encontro também visa divulgar os programas de pós graduação em Genética do Estado de Minas Gerais.
Inscrições e informações em:
http://pggenetica.icb.ufmg.br/vengemig/
17/09/2014 - simpósio - V ENGEMIG - Encontro de Genética de Minas Gerais
Data: 17/09/2014 -
Horário: --- -
Local: salão nobre do CAD1 - UFMG
Apresentado(a) por: pesquisadores de diversas áreas da Genética
Observações
O evento abrangerá as diferentes áreas da Genética e suas principais contribuições científicas, fortalecendo assim, a formação de pesquisadores mais jovens, e permitindo um intercâmbio de experiências das diversas áreas.
O encontro também visa divulgar os programas de pós graduação em Genética do Estado de Minas Gerais.
Inscrições e informações em:
http://pggenetica.icb.ufmg.br/vengemig/
22/08/2014 - Curso / Disciplina - Metagenomics / Gene Technology
Data: 22/08/2014 -
Horário: 08:30 -
Local: ICB/UFMG, salas F2 254 (manhã) e B2 162 (tarde)
Apresentado(a) por: Dr. Wolfgang Schumann (University of Bayreuth - Alemanha)
Observações
Curso, ministrado em inglês, dentro da disciplina Tópicos Especiais de Genética e Evolução I - Metagenomics/ Gene Technology (15h, 1 crédito), pelo convidado internacional Dr. Wolfgang Schumann (professor da University of Bayreuth - Alemanha). Aulas nos dias 21 e 22 de agosto, no período da manhã e da tarde.
21/08/2014 - Curso / Disciplina - Metagenomics / Gene Technology
Data: 21/08/2014 -
Horário: 08:30 -
Local: ICB/UFMG, salas I3 236 (manhã) e J2 221 (tarde)
Apresentado(a) por: Dr. Wolfgang Schumann (University of Bayreuth - Alemanha)
Observações
Curso, ministrado em inglês, dentro da disciplina Tópicos Especiais de Genética e Evolução I - Metagenomics/ Gene Technology (15h, 1 crédito), pelo convidado internacional Dr. Wolfgang Schumann (professor da University of Bayreuth - Alemanha). Aulas nos dias 21 e 22 de agosto, no período da manhã e da tarde.
